20 Analytic functions [1N4]

All definitions and theorems needed to solve the following exercises, may be found in Chap. 6 of [ 2 ] or Chap. 8 of [ 22 ] .

E412

[1N5]Prerequisites:4.

Verify that the function \(𝜑:ℝ→ℝ\)

\[ 𝜑(x) = \begin{cases} e^{-1/x} & se ~ x{\gt}0 \\ 0 & se ~ x≤ 0 \end{cases} \]

(also seen in 4) is not analytic.

Hidden solution: [UNACCESSIBLE UUID ’1N6’]

E412

[1N7] Note:Exercise 2, written exam March 2010.

Let \(I⊆ ℝ\) be a not-empty open interval. Let \(f:I→ℝ\) be of class \(C^∞\), and such that \(∀ x∈ I,∀ k≥ 0\) we have \(f^{(k)}(x)≥ 0\). Prove that \(f\) is analytic.

[UNACCESSIBLE UUID ’1N8’]

Hidden solution: [UNACCESSIBLE UUID ’1N9’] See also the exercise 12.

[UNACCESSIBLE UUID ’1NB’] [1NC]Prerequisites:1.

Show that \(f(x)=\frac 1{1+x^ 2}\) is analytic on all \(ℝ\), but the radius of convergence of the Taylor seried centered in \(x_ 0\) is \(\sqrt{1+x_ 0^ 2}\).

Hidden solution: [UNACCESSIBLE UUID ’1ND’][UNACCESSIBLE UUID ’1NF’]

Study similarly \(f(x)=\sqrt{x^ 2+1}\) or \(f(x)=e^{1/(x^ 2+1)}\). [1NG] Let \(f:ℝ→ℝ\) be a \(C^∞\) class function; fix \(x_ 0∈ ℝ\) and define

\[ g(x)= ∑_{n=0}^∞\frac{f^{(n)}(x_ 0)}{n!} (x-x_ 0)^ n \]

using the Taylor series; suppose \(g\) has radius of convergence \(R{\gt}0\): So \(g:J→ℝ\) is a well-defined function, where \(J=(x_ 0-R,x_ 0+R)\). Can it happen that \(f(x)≠ g(x)\) for a point \(x∈ J\)?

And if \(f\) is analytic? 1

Hidden solution: [UNACCESSIBLE UUID ’1NH’] [1NJ]Let \(I⊆ ℝ\) be a nonempty open interval. Let \(f:I→ ℝ\) be a \(C^∞\) class function. Let

\[ b_ n=\sup _{x∈ I}|f^{(n)}(x)|=\| f^{(n)}\| _∞\quad ; \]

if 

\[ \limsup _{n→∞} \frac 1 n \sqrt[n]{b_ n} {\lt}∞ \]

then \(f\) is analytic.

Show with a simple example that the request is not necessary.

Hidden solution: [UNACCESSIBLE UUID ’1NK’][UNACCESSIBLE UUID ’1NM’] [1NN]Note:Exercise 1, written exam, June 30th, 2017.

Let \(f\) be a continuous function on the interval \([0, 1]\). Prove that the function

\[ F (t) =∫_ 0^ 1 f (x)e^{tx} \, {\mathbb {d}}x \]

is analytic on \(ℝ\).

Hidden solution: [UNACCESSIBLE UUID ’1NP’] [1NQ] Let \(I=(0,1)\), find an example of an analytic function \(f:I→ℝ\) not identically zero, but such that \(A=\{ x∈ I:f(x)=0\} \) has an accumulation point in \(ℝ\). Compare this example with Prop. 6.8.4 in the notes [ 2 ] ; and with the example 8.

Hidden solution: [UNACCESSIBLE UUID ’1NR’]

[UNACCESSIBLE UUID ’1NS’]

  1. By ”analytic” we mean: fixed \(x_ 0\) there is a series \(h(x)=∑_{n=0}^∞ a_ n (x-x_ 0)^ n\) with non-zero radius of convergence such that \(f=h\) in an open neighborhood of \(x_ 0\) (neighborhood contained in the convergence disk) .